Gingival hyperplasia is an abnormal enlargement or overgrowth of the gingival tissues surrounding the teeth. It may occur due to poor oral hygiene, chronic inflammation, hormonal changes, hereditary factors, or as a side effect of certain drugs such as Phenytoin, Cyclosporine, and Nifedipine. Clinically, the gingiva appears enlarged, swollen, and may bleed on brushing, causing difficulty in chewing and maintaining oral hygiene. Treatment includes professional scaling, maintenance of proper oral hygiene, discontinuation or substitution of the causative drug if possible, and surgical correction such as gingivectomy in severe cases.
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